2019年全国2卷
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This book Willseries(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on theinfluence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a newappreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with hercruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumyand frightening，but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s about two sisters-Eri，a model who either won’t orcan’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to hersister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people”who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit of me that didn't wantto love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story isbrilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battlefor your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what'sgoing on is horribly enjoyable
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel fromone of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil amongthose let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
21. Who does "I" refer to inthe text?
A. Stephen King.
B. Gillian Flynn.
C. Jo Usmar.
D. Roald Dahl
22. Which of the following tells aboutMari and Eri?
A. Cosmopolitan.
B. Matilda.
C. After Dark.
D. The Stand.
23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)
A.A folk tale.
B.A biography.
C.A love story.
D.A horror story.
答案解析：
21. C。根据文章第一段，"I"指的是文章的作者，也就是Jo Usmar，因为她在介绍自己喜欢的书籍。
22. C。根据文章第二段，"After Dark"是关于Mari和Eri这两个姐妹的故事。
23. D。根据文章第三段，"Gone Girl"是一个恐怖故事，描述了Nick和Amy之间的紧张和焦虑。
B
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from aparent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably somedemanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknownsport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about thedad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwillingparent speaks up,“Alright.Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s realpower in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parentorganizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money forend-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becomingan invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids whilethe other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handingout sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your ownkid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh ofrelief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deepunderstanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting tothe community(社区)as youfreely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is moreof a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit inthe process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where mymotivation lies?
24.What can we infer about the parentfrom her reply in paragraph l?
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
25.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?
A. encourage team work .
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. promote good deeds.
D. provide advice.
26. What can we learn about the parent fromparagraph 3 ?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.
B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She’ll work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.
27. Why does the author likedoing volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
答案解析：
24. C。从第一段家长的回复中，我们可以推断出她并不愿意自愿参加。她说“你可以把我当作最后的选择，如果没有人自愿，那么我会做这件事。”这表明她是在没有其他选择的情况下才愿意参与的。
25. B。第二段中划线的短语“tug at the heartstrings”意味着“触动心弦”，即通过提及单亲家长和无私的爸爸来激发情感，促使那位不愿意的家长改变主意。
26. D。从第三段中我们可以了解到，这位家长最终成为了团队中不可或缺的一员，她组织餐饮安排、发送邮件、收集资金购买赛季末的礼物，这些都显示了她成为了好的帮手。
27. B。根据最后一段，作者认为志愿服务能带来真正的快乐，她确信志愿服务是一种自私的行为，因为做志愿者感觉很好。
C
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading?None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans,she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. Morethan half(53 percent)have breakfast alone andnearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according tostatistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know?”Bechtel said，looking up fromher book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch withcoworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works throughlunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tappingher on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wantedsome time to myself，”she said.
just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a localvideographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sitand check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on afirst-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect onhow my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's achance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. Therewas a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those daysare over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “Itdoesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph2 about?
A. Food variety.
B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners.
D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go outfor lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers.
B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own.
D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
答案解析：
28. B。第二段中的统计数据是关于饮食习惯的。数据显示，在美国有46%的饭局是独自进餐的，超过一半的人在独自吃早餐和午餐，只有晚餐时大多数人才会一起吃饭。
29. C。根据第三段，Bechtel喜欢出去独自午餐，因为这让她可以远离老板的打扰，并且她想要一些属于自己的时间。
30. D。从第四段中我们可以了解到，Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，他们是按名字称呼的，这说明他与酒吧服务员很熟悉。
31. A。整篇文章主要讲述的是越来越多的人喜欢独自进餐的趋势，包括统计数据、人们的观点和科技对此现象的影响。
D
Bacteria are anannoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) fromour bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcomingthis very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. Butnot just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the onescience teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High Schoolin Fairport, New York.
HUNCH isdesigned to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the pasttwo years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zerogravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “Wedon’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASAengineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are notests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades,other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers comeand really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a verynice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says theHUNCH program has an impact(影响) oncollege admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed intheir studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about theproblem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
32.Whatdo we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hardto get rid of.
B.They lead to air pollution.
C. They appeardifferent forms.
D.They damage the instruments.
33. Whatis the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A. To strengthenteacher-student relationships.
B. Tosharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allowstudents to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. check theirproduct.
B.Guide project designs
C. Adjust workschedules.
D. Grade their homework.
35. Whatis the best title for the text?
A. NASA: TheHome of Astronauts.
B. Space: TheFinal Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: AnOutdoor Classroom.
D. HUNCH:ACollege admission Reform.
答案解析：
32. A。根据第一段，细菌在国际空间站表面无法控制地生长，宇航员每周都要花时间清理它们，这说明细菌很难被摆脱。
33. D。根据第二段，HUNCH项目的目的是将高中的课堂与NASA工程师联系起来，让学生们参与到解决空间站细菌问题的研究中。
34. A。根据第三段，NASA工程师会对学生们一年后的产品进行实地审查，这是一种严格的产品审查。
35. B。整篇文章讲述的是HUNCH项目如何让学生们在高中阶段就参与到解决空间站细菌问题的研究中，并将他们的研究成果作为最终作业呈现给NASA。
